At some point in our lives, we may face a health issue that requires medical attention. For some, it may be a routine check-up, while for others, it could be more serious. Medullary thyroid cancer is a rare type of thyroid cancer that affects the thyroid gland’s C cells. In this article, we will explore everything you need to know about medullary thyroid cancer, including its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
What is Medullary Thyroid Cancer?
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a type of thyroid cancer that develops in the thyroid gland’s C cells. The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. C cells, also known as parafollicular cells, produce a hormone called calcitonin, which regulates calcium levels in the body.
MTC is a rare type of thyroid cancer, accounting for only 1-2% of all thyroid cancer cases. It can occur in both men and women and typically affects people over the age of 50.
Symptoms of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
The symptoms of medullary thyroid cancer can vary from person to person. Some people may experience no symptoms at all, while others may experience one or more of the following:
- A lump in the neck
- Hoarseness or difficulty speaking
- Difficulty swallowing
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
- Persistent cough
- Shortness of breath
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Read about: 5 Common Cancer Symptoms to Be Aware Of
Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
If your doctor suspects you may have medullary thyroid cancer, they will likely perform a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include:
- Physical exam: Your doctor will examine your neck to feel for any lumps or swelling.
- Blood tests: Your doctor may order blood tests to check for elevated levels of calcitonin or other hormones.
- Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, may be used to check for any abnormalities in the thyroid gland or surrounding tissues.
- Biopsy: A biopsy is the only way to confirm a diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer. During a biopsy, your doctor will remove a small tissue sample from the thyroid gland and examine it under a microscope.
Treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
The treatment for medullary thyroid cancer depends on the stage of cancer and how far it has spread. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: Surgery is typically the primary treatment for medullary thyroid cancer. During surgery, the thyroid gland and any cancerous tissue are removed.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. It may be used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used in advanced cases of medullary thyroid cancer.
Prognosis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
The prognosis for medullary thyroid cancer depends on several factors, including the stage of cancer and how far it has spread. If medullary thyroid cancer is diagnosed and treated early, the prognosis is generally good. However, if cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the prognosis may be less favorable.
In conclusion, medullary thyroid cancer is a rare type of thyroid cancer that develops in the thyroid gland’s C cells. It can be difficult to diagnose as it may not cause any symptoms in the early stages. If you experience any symptoms or have a family history of thyroid cancer, it’s essential to see your doctor for a proper diagnosis. Early detection and treatment can
